Psychogeography: “Situationist” artists & architects from the 1950s sought to capture the city as it was experienced by actual people, not as it was designed from the top down by architects and planners (at the time, they were revolting against modernist urban renewal plans). Their approach helped give way to a new emphasis in planning on bottom-up citizen experience and input. The above 1961 map from MIT’s Kevin Lynch resulted from a project asking people to map the city of Boston from memory
